A Variation Order is a formal instruction issued during a construction project to modify the original contract scope. It can involve:

Adding new work

Omitting agreed work

Changing materials or methods

Altering dimensions or quantities

Why Are Variation Orders Needed?

Client’s request for changes

Design errors or omissions

Unforeseen site conditions

Changes in laws or regulations

Unavailability of materials

Process of Variation Order:

1. Initiation – Variation requested by client, consultant, or contractor.


2. Review – Consultant/Engineer reviews time and cost impact.


3. Approval – Client or authorized representative approves the change.


4. Execution – Contractor performs the changed work.


5. Valuation – Quantity Surveyor prices the variation.


6. Adjustment – Project cost and time updated accordingly.